# Git and Github For DevOps # Agenda: 1. Git and GitHub Basics 2. Basic Commands of git 3. pull request, merging, branching strategies for DevOps 4. Hooks (Pre-commit Hooks) 5. Repo setup End to end & us repo ko (Github Actions key through CI/CD kaisa karenge) * Pehle samjengey kya hotha hey git and github Git is a Version Control System - ae kya hotha hey - aap aisa samjo, ae aap ho, ae aapka dost hey, aur ek dost hey, mai aur babban achey vale dost hey - sochey sath mey boo likhenge - in book mey bohot chapters rehthey hey - mai chapter 1 karlunga, chapter 2 babban, chapter 3 gabban * phir mainey kithna kaam kiya, kithne time kiya, chapter 1 karnaa author kon tha, kya proof hey ae chapter mainey hi likhey aek commitment hothi hey —→ ae saari ceezey record hni chahiye agar aap group project kar raheho * Vara aisey hi log hothey hey pura assignment mila hey assignment mila hey, saara project mainey kiya lekin babban ney likha my contribution in the assignment. * Ae sab record honi chahiye - or let’s say mainey aapney book key chapter mey kuch jadbad kardi, main usko edit kar pau, or jabbi chahu purani version mey jau pau * aap versions pey ja sakthey ho, aap kisi aur key changes ko record kar sakthey ho - aap aek version control system mey kaam karreyho Git b ek vcs hey jaha pey aap aur aapkey team mates ek repository mey aapkey contributions dal sakthey ho, aap apney code ko maintain kar sakthey hey * kithney bajey likha , kya proof hey , kya data hey , koun likha sab track kr saktha hey * Linus Torvalds has created git , how can we download the git , just install the git download software on windows. * `git —version` - to check the git version Github kya hey : Github is a platform jiskey background mey git vcs ka fundamentals sari cheezey include hey , like apna code manage kar sakthey hey , collabration kar sakthey hey , llike gui dey detha hey . github / gitlab kya difference - both are same = isko bolthey hey source code management tools . Git is a vcs tool hey ae power kartha hey github, gitlab and bitbucket ko. * Go to GitHub.com and signup and create your account. *Basics Commands:* * i will create a folder and file ismey mera code rahega - through git files ko manage karunga → phir github mey push karune valey hey , later on , pree hooks laganey valey hey aur github actions key through , pull request through , project skey through ci cd karenge * →folder→ filer→git→girhub→pre hooks→githubaction→pr→project→CI let’s get started - i will create a new window in vs code i will create a fodler - click on open -go to document folder - create a folder githubfordevops→ open this folder testing.py - print(“Heloo dosto , kya haal chaal , kaisey hey sab”) * ab is cheez ko , mera code hey , mainey likha hey , main is file ko run karunga * ab ae file kisney likhi , kab likhi , kya proof hey kisney likhi , agar ae file delete hogai kya ae file retrive hui * aapko git boltha hey mai aapko ek vcs detha hun ki jo is file likhne valae author nbata sakthe hey , data bata saktha hey , proof commit bata saktha hey , agar delete ho gayi kya mai v1 puraney version pey ja saktha hun no , git ja saktha hey rm testing.py - kya ae retrive kar saktehy no file system mey you cannot recover deleted stuff , in vcs you have retrive option and also roll back to the previous version * Mujhey abhi is cheez ko vcs banana hey is folder mey aapko karna padega `git init` * `Git init` : to initialize a empty git vcs repository local repo * aap is directory ko file sytem sey vcs ko git init * ek baar initialize hogai aapki git directory - * git status - to check the * * create a file testing.py file - ab mujhey git status karkey dekhna * ab humko aayega untrakked files - hum jab local repo create karthey hey * ae 2 logical areas create kartha hey untracked , stage and tracked * ab jab b aapki file system mey hothi hey untracked hothi hey git vcs ko * agar aapko us file ko git vcs key andar dalna hey vo cheez tracked hojayegi * ![](https://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1748383025977/bc240b19-ad95-4d31-9a8b-0957dfd80e03.png align="center") is file ko stage mey lekey aaunag aur track mey dalunga * ae ship mey jana hey yah nahi vaisa sochlo * untracked sey stage mey lana hey - `git add file name` * vapas untracked mey lana hey - `git rm —cached file name` * ab stage sey track karani hey - `git commit -m “message”` * * git status - vo abhi tracked hey , agar mai testing.py ko delete kardunga - toh isko mai vapas restre kar saktha hun * `git restore python.py` * ab thak humney sikha - git init , git status , git add , git commit , git rm -cached , git restore Ab nayi file banathey hey git-commands.txt - history commands ko copy karlo aur paster kardo * Hum abhi ae sare changes ko local sey remote github ko push karenge * * Github pey jakey ek new repo create kardo - name - github-for-devops-workshop * aap ka jo local hey vo aapka personal hey , github hey world wide web pey hey - kahi sey b access kar sakthey hey , agar aapko aapkey local code hey vaha sey github ko pahunchani hey `git push` command sey paunchavogey * github mey username password lagtha hey na * * mai use kartha hun , mai local ko personal access token de detah hun thaki vo merey github mey push kar detha * copy which are here push an existing repo - git remote add origin url * hey github , local ko batara hun remote dhoor mey rakhi hui ek url usko add kardo * `git remote -v` → remote add hui yah nahi idhar check karthey * git push origin main - jab enter karunga - username and token mangega * aap github settings pey jakey - personal access token -create karo - token ko repo ka access dedo * `git remote set-url origin https://PAT@github.com/username/repo.git` * `git push origin master` - push hogaya Github mey rakhi hui repository , iskey sath ky akya kar sakthey hey , aap clone kar sakthey ho yah fork kar sakthey hey fork - github - github hotha hey - fork karlo clone - github to local clone hotha hey clone karlo * mainey commands jo b naye they remote add ka vo commands.md mey likha - `git status` kiya - `git add` kiya - `git commit` kar detha hun bina token sey connect - settings mey jakey - ssh mey - apka system ka ssh-key copy karna hey thab vo allow karega * mai direct remote mey edit kartha hun - commit kardiya github key through * jo new sey change kiya kya vo merey local mey hey ? toh ek command use karunga - `git pull origin master` Branches: what is branches \-ae jo main master kya tha - ae branches key name hothey hey branches kya hothey hey - tree pata hey , jaisey tree key roots rehthey hey - tree key seed lagathey hey pehley us seed sey rrrroots - roots sey - tree - trees - branches hothey hey seed mathlab , jab git repo initally commit kiya create kiye na vo seed tha vo tha master pey - jab local mey repo banathey hey master pey rehtah hey agar github mey create arangey na main ey rehtha hey * git branch branchname - create the branch * git checkout -b brnachname - create branch and also switch * git switch dev copy of the same desired state of code * dev mey jakey mainey create kiya ek file - add kardunga , commit kardunga master ko paat nai dev mey kya chalra hey , dev ko pastha nahi master mey kya chalra hey every branch in git maintains its own copy - faida - isolate , copy banalethey hey - Branchin ki strategies rehthey hey ![](https://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1748388301691/c4cbc1db-f455-4a97-8c93-7fd9c1eddae1.png align="center") * ek code rakha rehtha hey master pey * aur ek code rehtah hey stage - staging mey ky ahotha hey jo master ka code hey uat , users test kar paye * dev mey dev code rakha jatah hey sirf sur sirf development hothi hey feauture1 , feautre2, feauture3 → dev → test (ua) → master dev mey naya developer kuch enhancements key liye use karthey * agar aap chahthey ho ki kaha pey rakha hua hey production mey dalna hey yah nah dalna hey usey stagging mey rakha jatha hey * aur sahi vala hey , sahi sey chalra hey usko checihi math isliye vo code - master pey rehthi hey * bohot log kaam karthey right feauture pey so ek ek person vo khud branches create karlega feauture key uppar ![](https://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1748388552219/7c2c6c62-c828-451c-80c7-6196633a2b50.png align="center") * mujhey dev key changes master mey merge karna hey toh make sure your on master - and then `git merge dev` git hub key though compare and save #if you go git tech fetch , jithney b branches remote me hey local mey aajathey GIT HOOKS: ![](https://cdn.hashnode.com/res/hashnode/image/upload/v1748417075677/c74eda86-ac71-462f-ae4c-8a41e7af23ff.png align="center") * Yeh aapki branch hey master , ae daigram dekkey kya yadh aatha hey - ki untraced , stage aur tracked yadh aara , aisa samajlo ki mainey ek untracked file thi * lets say demo.py - usko mainey stage karnekey liye git add kiya , bohot saare files thi git add . kiya git commit kiya , kya vo track hojayegi * mujhko ae batao , demo.file mey mujhey galthi api-key reh gayi , kahi code mey kuch galath tha kya vo commit hogayi * galthi sey galath code b ho saktha hey , it is humar error * iska solution kya hotah hey - commit karnesey pehle badh , push karnesey pehley yah badh - kuch internal checks laga sakthey ho * aur ae jo add aur commit key beechmey aek check ho saktha hey - ae automatically check hona hey toh hooks sey hoga - pre commit hook ser agar aapkey files mey dikath hey , aur aap commit karney jathey ho - syntax wrong hey toh ae commit nahi kar detha * ab mai apney rep mey jaunga , ls -a , aur .git valey folder key andar jav - cd .git - gaye bohot dhyaan sey dekhna - ls kiya idhar hooks name ka folder dikhega * ls - pre commit , prepare-commit dikhege - bohot saare samples hey , apko actually ae name ki file banana hey → * ```plaintext vim pre-commit - vs code mey jakey - search mey user.exclude - idhar .git lo delete karni hey kiun ki mujhey visible hojaye # mainey ek file banayi jiska name demo.py - jiskey andar ek mainey function banaliya demo.py def my_function(): a=5 b=6 c=6 test() return d my_function() # ae wrong code hey agar mai git status karun , git add and commit kardun , ideally commit hojayega -> git ko thodi hi patah hey ae wrong code karkey # this file is now addes , thabki ae file galath file hey # mai isko pre commit hooks sey theek kar detha hun toh python ka jo code rehtah hey usko check karnekey liye -> flake8 hotha hey code ka quality check kar saktheyy hey # pip install flake8 flake8 demo.y # is tool sey code ka quality check karliya , ae code quality test kartha hey # kya mai as a devops engineer , ae tool ko apney git key process mey daldun # commit honesey pehley ae tool chal jaye - mai kya chahtha hun , hooks mey jaunga ek file banaunga - pre-commit file # ab mai aapni sarey files ko lekey aajaunga files=$(diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=ACM | grep '\.py$' flake8 $files if git grep - q "password\|secret_key\|API_KEY' $(git diff --cached --name-only); then echo " Kiun apni job risk" exit 1 fi # ab mai pre-commit file ko executable banadunga - chmod u+x pre-commit # ab mai git status , git add . - git commit -m "commit" galath file mai commit karney try karra hun lekin pre-commit hook commit nahi karney dega ``` \- ky aap aapney office mey puri ki puri pre commits hits lagagkey purei ki puri teams ki jo bugs , they problems they ek hi minute mey solve kar sakthey , jo wrong code dalenge hi nahi toh problems ayeney hi nahi * agar mai galthi sey password , yah api-keys hey toh mai commit nahi karney dena . * mai demo.py mey password daldiya , ab git add . and git commit khoshish karunga toh error aajayega # Github Actions: * Github actions key sath aek portfolio deploy karna chahthey ho \- ab aisa samajlo ae aapki github repo hey , jiskey andar aapkey files hey , ab ismey ek branche hey master , uskey andar kuch kuch commands hey application hey is application ko deploy karthey ho ,isko aap build ,test , phir deploy b karthey ho right , is cheez karnekey liye jenkins use karthey hey right ci cd pipelines banathey ho right - > ab ae jo pipelines hey jo jenkins mey banri vo aap github mey b bana sakthey ho , jisko bolthey hey github actions , github actions aek inbuilt tool hey jo aapko aapkey code ko build test deploy , scan , sonarqube , sab cheez karney detha hey * `aapko jana hey aapkey repo mey jana hey - lets say isko scan karna hey - actions mey javo - pylint - configure - khud hi likh diya python code test key liye pylint - yaml mey rehtha hey` aapkey repo mey .github folder rehtah hey usmey aap workflows likh sakhey hey ki - onpush , ontest, ondeploy commit karney key badh- github workflows key bajuk small dot rehtah hey - vo actions run horey hongey testing.py mey thoda code likhdo / def heloo(): “““ this is ehloo function “““ return “heloo dosto” heloo() tum commit karkey push karenge automatically aapkey actions start honge run karna * jo b error aaya hey as a python epert karkey aapka file ka code and error dekey fix akrdo karkey batao aajayega aur copy karkey add and commit push kardo. Go to aws account : - s3 → mai ek bucket banaunga - tws-portfolio - url aisa aek portfolio banaunga —> through github actions Github pey aapka code rakha jayega code hoga html , java script aur css , java script → is code ko s3 bucket mey oaunchana hey - is bucket ko public access dekhey - public thak paunchana hey - ae sab ho automated github actions s3 ko access karnekey liye - iam - security creds hothi hey , create kardo acess key and security key * tws-portfolio fork karkey → uskey andar html css aur java script ka code hye * mai ek file create karunga .github/workflows/main.yml * * name: portfolio ```plaintext name: portfolio on push branches - main jobs: build-and-deploy runs-on-ubuntu-latest steps: - NAME: checkout uses: actions/checkout@v1 - name: configure aws cred uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credential@v1 # humko is repo key settings mey secrets and variables mey actions mey secret and access key banado with: aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.aws_access_key_id}} - ``` \-s3 -mey jakey cukedt create karkey - s3 hosting mey index .html create karo aur bucket policy mey jakey - gnerator policy - s3 bucket policy mey allow - bucket policy copy kareleye - bucket policy create kardo replacing with your bucket id